Unit 96 Guidebook: talk about changes, use the present perfect

KEY PHRASES

Talk about changes

Muchas cosas han ocurrido este año.
A lot of things have happened this year.
Yo he abierto mi propio restaurante.
I've opened my own restaurant.
El señor Herrera ha escrito muchos libros.
Mr. Herrera has written a lot of books.
Ellos han abierto una tienda de zapatos.
They have opened a shoe store.
Nosotros hemos tenido muchos exámenes difíciles.
We have had a lot of difficult exams.
Hemos conocido muchas rutas.
We've been on a lot of routes.
TIP

¿Por qué has dicho eso?

Remember that verb endings after haber normally change into ‑ado or ‑ido. But some verbs don’t follow this pattern! Don’t worry too much — there’s just a handful of weird ones you’ll have to memorize.

hacer → hecho
decir → dicho
poner → puesto
escribir → escrito
ver → visto

Yo siempre he dicho la verdad.
I’ve always told the truth.
Los niños no han hecho la tarea todavía.​
The children haven’t done the homework yet.​
TIP

Let’s talk about the present perfect!

To say you have done something, use a form of haber followed by the form of the verb ending in ‑ado or ‑ido!​

Quiero hablar. He hablado.​
I want to speak. I have spoken.
Quiero comer. He comido.​
I want to eat. I have eaten.
subject verb (haber)
yo he
tú has
él / ella / usted ha
nosotros / nosotras hemos
ellos / ellas / ustedes han