To talk about the past in Italian, you need to do two things. First, you need to use the form of avere that matches who you're talking about.
subject | verb (avere) |
---|---|
io I |
ho have |
tu you |
hai have |
lui / lei he / she |
ha has |
noi we |
abbiamo have |
voi you all |
avete have |
loro they |
hanno have |
Then you'll change the next verb ending to ‑ato, ‑uto, or ‑ito.
Usually, you'll use ‑ato for verbs that end in ‑are (like trovare), ‑uto for ‑ere verbs (like potere), and ‑ito for ‑ire verbs (like sentire).
Avere plus a verb is used to talk about the past; for example, hai parlato.
But for some verbs that talk about motion (like venire and andare), you'll use essere instead of avere.
Verbs that include extra little words, like mi sono ricordato, always use essere in the past.
Verbs that use essere have different endings depending on who is doing what. Their endings work just like the Italian adjectives that you have already seen.