Your tree is 79.1% complete at the moment...
Did you ever wonder how soon you will get your golden owl if you keep learning at your current pace?
You are making 17.01 lessons per day on average and you still have to finish 140 lessons to finally get your shiny English golden owl, you would be there by 2022-06-04 if you keep doing L1 lessons at this pace.
Please, keep in mind that 4.17% of your lessons were some extra activity like stories or timed practice sessions and while these don't take you any closer to your golden owl, they actually give you some more experience.
It's a good thing... )
Keep going! =)
If you ever wondered what are duolingo lexemes: these are lexeme_ids from our extended profiles and they are actually neither lexemes nor words since they include all word forms and they also include combined lexemes such as "bonne nuit" in the French course, and there are a few duplicates as well, but the total number is consistent across all users having completed the same tree version and apart from lessons and skills it's the only countable number in your profile that can tell you a little bit more about your tree progress.
and · coffee · hat · hello · muffin · neat · salad · soda · tea · welcome
10 words
Australia · I · am · beautiful · bite · from · good morning · is · nice to meet you · ping
10 words
by · car · far · house · is · my · that · this · this is · your
10 words
city · cute · let's go to · mall · museum · near · the · where · win · zoo
10 words
dollar · dollars · good afternoon · hamburger · how much · hungry · loud · one · tour · two
10 words
English · a lot · cook · day · every · look · read · really · seed · work
10 words
a · am · dad · doctor · dog · friend · mom · my · student · teacher
10 words
at · busy · calendar · company · man · manager · office · on · park · works
10 words
Japanese · cabs · family · grandma · is · name · of · phase · photo · speak · speaks
11 words
's · apartment · bedroom · live · lives · pretty · price · small · smile · there
10 words
do · eat · favorite · like · pizza · restaurant · site · spicy · year · you
10 words
at · hurry · lag · late · leaves · o'clock · platform · rick · ticket · tickets
10 words
coat · here · hip · on sale · shame · shopping · store · t-shirt · ugly · want
10 words
Tom · birthday · cool · excited · first · hi · i'm · present · say · today
10 words
embassy · far · fine · lost · mile · post office · right · say · subway · turn
10 words
beach · hot · how · ice cream · july · my · summer · sunny · teach · weather
10 words
a.m. · egg · face · make · nine · pace · seven · wake up · wash · west
10 words
are · date · free · need · phone number · photo · sight · sorry · to take a shower · tonight
10 words
basketball · brake · brother · go · goes · on · pay · play · saturday · weekend
10 words
Boston · Germany · american · does · he's · japanese · jug · live · stop · teacher
10 words
let's meet · paint · span · sport · tennis · tie · to play · tuesdays · want · when
10 words
cans · eight · how many · korean · large · menu · nest · opens · peach · people
10 words
Brooklyn bridge · Statue of liberty · closed · may · phase · photos · take · visit · yard · years
10 words
at · milk · night · now · sat · sugar · think · thirty · thursday · to make
10 words
Europe · countries · form · passport · this · to go · to need · to want · warm · write
10 words
check in · for · from · open · over · ski · speak · tenth · to · understand
10 words
ask · come · difficult · name · now · pat · professors · sit down · study · write
10 words
are · beef · cheese · meat · monday · then · they · tomato · tomatoes · ton
10 words
cash · doesn't · farms · fish · horse · lap · parent · ride · their · town
10 words
band · but · drive · driving · fifteen · have a picnic · let's · picnic · sandwiches · wednesdays
10 words
bag · dead · dentist · fever · has · headache · ok · problem · sick · toothache
10 words
email · floor · flying · front desk · important · meeting · next to · scream · send · skyscraper
10 words
Independence day · New year's day · barbecue · fireworks · first · fourth · january · joke · midnight · sight
10 words
all day · close · groceries · have to · hunter · later · letter · stamps · tell · to
10 words
ache · business · chemistry · geography · major · math · question · sixteen · sixteenth · studies
10 words
boyfriends · called · clean · cousin · hour · last · meat · tv show · visited · watched
10 words
Vancouver · actors · actress · lived · seventeen · soup · theaters · tour guide · walked · worked
10 words
animal · be careful · dangerous · eighteen · eye · lion · purple · strange · than · weigh
10 words
belt · can · cheaper · department store · doll · necklace · nineteen · popular · sweater · twenty-one
10 words
Big ben · London · april · british · capital · drank · on vacation · pub · saw · see
10 words
are · arrive · brag · bring · february · forgot · neighbor · parties · second · something
10 words
cook · going to · meter · move · neighborhoods · nice · nicer · one hundred · rent · roommate
10 words
air · aren't · dusty · floors · hometown · place · quiet · repair · roof · vacuum cleaner
10 words
actor · did · horror · last night · lots of · nachos · quarter past · started · wanted · were
10 words
bored · everyone · going to · grandparents · plan · schedule · school · somewhere · them · to be
10 words
can · can you · can't · enjoy · genre · instruments · jazz · juice · violin · well
10 words
boss · charge · get · get dressed · gum · jobs · late for · partner · shave · toast
10 words
boot · both · camping · campsite · cracker · going to · path · when · who is going to · you
10 words
China · Shanghai · didn't · fly · have a good time · look · safe · temple · the great wall · traveling
10 words
chores · feed · go for a walk · hate · messy · pet food · talk · tidy up · water · will
10 words
born · enjoyed · ex-girlfriend · girl · nineteen ninety · older · oldest · small · smarter · smartest
10 words
be · coat · cold · degrees · radio · rain · raincoat · sunny · temperatures · weather forecast
10 words
act · artists · black and white · for a long time · lack · nineteen fifty · nineteen thirties · nineteen thirty · nineteen twenty-two · talented
10 words
ask for directions · first · inside · sides · sidewalk · south · traffic light · union · united states · washington, d.c.
10 words
actually · best · feel · looking for · magazines · mr. · ms. · past · waiting room · what happened
10 words
allergic · latte · music · soy milk · studied · study · vegan · vegetarian · what · what can i get for you
10 words
Africa · Kenya · climbed · has · have · lived · time · traveled · visited · volcano
10 words
check out · double room · good evening · in advance · make · night · reservation · trouble · view · wifi
10 words
clam · cleaned · have · i've · ironed · lexeme dump nouns · opened · washed · we've · you've
10 words
come · going to go · half-price · how to · list · oil · pepper · recipe · some · what
10 words
all morning · badminton · bake · baking · doing · eating · play · was · what was · yesterday
10 words
'll · 's · are · aren't · is · kind · lend · police officer · text · will
10 words
accident · and then · detective · it · lexeme dump verbs · rang · telephone · was · well · when
10 words
's · been · ex-husband · hasn't · mechanic · occupation · pilot · since · station · thousand
10 words
chip · complain · hers · ketchup · no · noisy · said · what's wrong · your · yours
10 words
beginner · free time · fry · go out · good at · kid · playground · skate · well · when
10 words
carrot · drinking · eating · good for · grape · health · math · pear · should · shouldn't
10 words
a few · cart · cream · fast food · grilled · how many · how much · lemon · mango · yogurt
10 words
degree · don't · exam · grade · graduate · grow · hard · if · pass · vocabulary
10 words
almost · amazing · christmas eve · happy new year · merry christmas · new year's eve · there isn't · what · yellow · yours
10 words
South africa · area · baby · grass · hope · if · math · national · will · won't
10 words
busy · conversation · haircut · how · isn't it · it · lime · long time no see · think · to
10 words
carpet · doorbell · fence · grew · grow · had to · plumber · recently · rent · since
10 words
close · know · lose · lost · notebook · ruler · scissors · short · that · where
10 words
bill · check · coin · gas · if · included · percent · point · signature · tax
10 words
appetizer · decide · eaten · going · start · still · thai · to start · until · will
10 words
cut · dropped · head · hit · hug · oops · put · sharp · shut · warp
10 words
aren't you · birth · couple · guy · never · next-door · pile · rat · what's the deal with · who
10 words
award · die · in love · lead · play · scene · take place · which · who · wow
10 words
be · burn · oversleep · overslept · run · shame · start · stomachache · wept · worried
10 words
battery · boarding pass · class · delayed · down · emergency exit · flight · remember to · take off · why
10 words
anybody · coach · competition · doesn't · exciting · face · field · member · racket · rugby
10 words
beard · blond · color · look like · men · parts · shirt · short · tall · who's
10 words
anywhere · cloud · down · duck · log · pond · proud · sky · somewhere · up · walk · woods
12 words
South korea · book · class · difference · fully booked · guest · include · information · myself · receptionist
10 words
advertisement · armchair · average · crowd · empty · flea market · message · monthly · secondhand · variety
10 words
found · hey · how about · instead · latest · mind · sound · sure · type · you all
10 words
available · business card · contact information · correct · detail · is · make · may · phone call · zero
10 words
alphabet · could · elementary school · meaning · memory · middle school · quiz · quizzes · schoolchild · start · studies · teaching · training · uniform
14 words
costume party · dark · fashion · light · made of · suit · tight · when · while · wool
10 words
activity · could · didn't · flute · grew up · kite · nearly · swim · turtle · what age
10 words
click on · folder · for · mouse · paper · program · scanner · speaker · tell · virus
10 words
author · book club · handsome · king · literature · mystery · poem · so much · the day after tomorrow · war
10 words
a little bit of · advertising · begin · extremely · good luck · hardworking · interview · introduce · pleased to meet you · résumé
10 words
be · buying · course · isn't · mix · ounce · pea · pound · says · so
10 words
according to · all sorts of · article · crime · go · on · politician · there will be · turn · website
10 words
can · can't · easily · easy to · lexeme dump verbs · on the train · one-way · pass · right-hand · ticket machine
10 words
alarm clock · all the time · bottom · change of clothes · excuse · on foot · reason · several · was going to · wasn't going to
10 words
badly · canadian · chapter · do you think · one of · opinion · part · since · sure that · the movies
10 words
New zealand · aren't there · isn't there · lexeme dump nouns 2 · may · ninth · no · packed · unpack · use
10 words
away · dresser · drill · less · said · shelf · shelves · sure · wheel · wood
10 words
as soon as possible · as usual · because of · business person · carefully · copy machine · fix · project · regular · work on
10 words
across · architect · at what time · do you see · pick up · show around · stand · stood · that's where · where
10 words
allergy · ask · aspirin · blood · check this box · cough · felt · pill · sore · take a seat
10 words
by itself · front door · hall · has got to · have got to · heat · lightbulb · pipe · plunger · rug
10 words
asleep · crib · fairy tale · little · lullaby · lullaby to · picture book · read · shh · these days
10 words
caught · caught by · criminal · have · hear about · million · ran away · rob · robbed · run away
10 words
are they · aren't they · garden center · is · isn't · much too · normal · plan · spare time · such as
10 words
Lisbon · Portugal · airplane · break · sun · supper · synagogue · visa · when · with
10 words
account · blog · create · edit · password · post · profile · register · up-to-date · upload
10 words
admission fee · celebrity · cultural · musical · performance · pop · take place · there will be · will there be · yearly
10 words
been to · cappuccino · comfy · doing · how are you doing · it's nice to see you · ok · smile · wave · yeah
10 words
balance · branch · going · in line · let · pin · problem with · they · turn · window
10 words
be held · bride · curly · feeling · granddad · granny · massive · mustache · niece · perm
10 words
Colosseum · Rome · called · crazy about · expert · for · fountain · historical · soldier · to
10 words
and · completely · complicated · don't think · down · hmm · lead · lexeme dump verbs/adjectives · way · writing
10 words
Great barrier reef · hotter · hottest · palm tree · recommend · season · take a trip · taking a trip · the environment · to visit
10 words
around · by the way · dry cleaners · full time · gas station · got to · mail · photocopy · responsible · switch
10 words
12th grade · back then · class reunion · divorced · in years · now and then · see · serious · too bad · used to
10 words
application · ask · blank · help · hours · make sure · make sure that · on · remind · renew
10 words
31st · absolutely · candy corn · decorate · make · pumpkin · refrigerator · sociable · throw · trick-or-treating
10 words
beginner · doesn't · don't · intermediate · level · linguistics · looking forward · politics · since · take
10 words
celebrate · cream · date · gown · like to · make · prom · senior · try · uncomfortable
10 words
ad · advertise · apply · current · do business · get hired · hire · outfit · quit · thinking about
10 words
birth · didn't use to · dishwasher · either · local · much · peaceful · shore · television · use to
10 words
arrange · bags · binoculars · each of · guide · humid · jeep · mosquitoes · transportation · valley
10 words
all-you-can-eat · around here · buffet · cuisine · eat out · grab · have · lettuce · lexeme dump nouns 3 · self-service
10 words
beginning · discover · fantasy · fiction · lexeme dump adjectives/verbs 3 · magic · non-fiction · set · that · which
10 words
absent · circle · didn't · do · punctuation · review · task · text · turn · underline
10 words
brother-in-law · easygoing · intelligent · married to · mother-in-law · pregnant · professional · red hair · since · sister-in-law
10 words
bunk bed · campus · dorm room · freshman · join · new · of his · of mine · register · whose
10 words
close by · do · does · fare · gps · parking · public transportation · rarely · stop · via
10 words
blind · bomb · documentary · episode · film · late at night · let · most recent · or something · reality tv
10 words
advantage · disadvantage · high-quality · inexpensive · low quality · online store · reasonable · sleeve · whatever · where
10 words
Arizona · do you know · don't know · road trip · sheep · state · stop · take turns · the back · thirteenth
10 words
bother · braces · cheek · gum · reschedule · running late · shouldn't · tooth · whether · why
10 words
Duolingoへようこそ!毎日コツコツと一緒に勉強していきましょう。
今回は基本編です。
英語の動詞は主語や時制などによって変化します。この変化を活用といいます。
活用の種類 | 例文 |
---|---|
主語(一人称単数)・時制(現在) | I am a man |
主語(三人称単数)・時制(現在) | He is a man |
主語 | 例文 |
---|---|
主語(一人称単数)・時制(現在) | I drink water |
主語(三人称単数)・時制(現在) | He drinks water |
「3単現のs」というように、三人称単数で現在形の時は動詞に-sをつける活用が多いです。※ただし、英語の活用には例外(不規則活用)がたくさんあります。
man(男の人)や apple (リンゴ)のように、数えられる名詞を可算名詞と言い、「一つの〜」という時は「a」を付けます。一方、water(水)のように、数えられない名詞は不可算名詞と言います。bread (パン)や meat(肉)のように、一見数えられそうな名詞なのに不可算名詞という場合もあります。
Duolingoへようこそ!毎日コツコツと一緒に勉強していきましょう。
今回は基本編です。
英語の動詞は主語や時制などによって変化します。この変化を活用といいます。
活用の種類 | 例文 |
---|---|
主語(一人称単数)・時制(現在) | I am a man |
主語(三人称単数)・時制(現在) | He is a man |
主語 | 例文 |
---|---|
主語(一人称単数)・時制(現在) | I drink water |
主語(三人称単数)・時制(現在) | He drinks water |
「3単現のs」というように、三人称単数で現在形の時は動詞に-sをつける活用が多いです。※ただし、英語の活用には例外(不規則活用)がたくさんあります。
man(男の人)や apple (リンゴ)のように、数えられる名詞を可算名詞と言い、「一つの〜」という時は「a」を付けます。一方、water(水)のように、数えられない名詞は不可算名詞と言います。bread (パン)や meat(肉)のように、一見数えられそうな名詞なのに不可算名詞という場合もあります。
英語では数えられる名詞(=可算名詞)を単数形か複数形かで区別します。
例:
このように、最後に-sを付ける活用が多いです。※例外もあります。
ほとんどの場合、oneの代わりにはaを使います(oneは数を強調する場合のみ)。また、aのすぐ後の名詞が母音で始まる場合はaの代わりにanを使います。例:an elephant, an apple, an hour.
日本語では一頭の象、二匹の猫、三羽のアヒル、というように対象によって助数詞が変化しますが、英語の場合は大抵の場合、one elephant, two cats, three ducksというように簡単に表せます。
英語では、「〜に」「〜を」にあたる部分を目的格といいます。
I call him Ichiro.
(訳: 私は彼をイチローと呼ぶ。)
上の例文では、Iが主格、himが目的格です。
主格 (は) | 目的格 (に/を) |
---|---|
I | me |
you | you |
he | him |
she | her |
it | it |
Ichiro | Ichiro |
we | us |
they | them |
hello(=こんにちは)や、thank you(=ありがとう)など、基礎的な挨拶を学びましょう。
英語の文中で、「〜は」にあたる主語になる格を主格、「〜の」にあたる所有を表す格を所有格といいます。
I have your dog.
(訳: 私はあなたの犬を持っています。)
上の例文では、I が主格、yoursが所有格です。
主格 (は) | 所有格 (の) | 所有代名詞 (のもの) |
---|---|---|
I | my | mine |
you | your | yours |
he | his | his |
she | her | hers |
it | its | its |
Ichiro | Ichiro's | Ichiro's |
we | our | ours |
they | their | theirs |
日本語の「こそあど」に対応する単語について少し整理しておきましょう。
(1)this(単数形)と these(複数形) = 「これ/この」
話者の目の前やそれに準ずる近いと感じられる距離にある物や人
または現実に目の前にない・そもそも存在していなくても心理的に話者に近いと判断できる物や人
(2) that(単数形)と those(複数形) = 「それ/その」か「あれ/あの」
話者から遠いと感じられる距離にある物や人。日本語では聞き手に近い「それ・その」と聞き手からも遠い「あれ・あの」に分かれます。
心理的に遠いものや、回想の中でも that を使います。
(3)it(単数形)と they(複数形) =原則として「それ」
距離とはまったく関係なく、既に話題に挙がった物や人を指します。日本語の「それ」にはたまたま同じ用法がありますので、訳として対応することになりますが、that の訳としての「それ」とは区別してください。
ちなみに「既に話題に挙がった物や人」という意味での「その」に相当するのが定冠詞の the です。
Tom sees a sheet of paper on the table. He takes the sheet of paper in his hand. It is a menu. 「トムはテーブルの上に紙切れがあるのを見かけます。彼はその紙切れを手に取ります。それはメニューです」(小説みたいな書き方ですが)
や 2. の例文で書いた "This is a menu" も "That is a menu" も「既に話題に挙がっているもの」を指しているので "It is a menu" と言い換えられるため、この場合は it =「これ」や「あれ」という訳になります。
しかしこれは文脈があって初めて成り立つ訳なので、"It is a menu" という文章を単独で訳す場合では「それ」を使うのが適切です。実際に it の訳を「これ」や「あれ」と回答された場合は上記の区別ができていないと判断して不正解となります。ご注意ください。
will have + 過去分詞で、
することを表現できます。これを未来完了形と言います。